Monolithic microcomputers, referred to as single-chip microcontrollers, are typical embedded microcontrollers. They are not chips to complete a logical function, but to integrate a computer system into a chip. It is composed of calculator, controller, memory, input and output equipment, which is equivalent to a micro computer. Compared with the computer, the single chip computer lacks peripheral equipment and so on.

Generally speaking, a chip becomes a computer. It is small in size, light in weight, cheap in price, and provides convenient conditions for learning, application and development. It has long been used in the field of industrial control.

Because of the wide application of single-chip computer in the field of industrial control, single-chip computer is developed from a special processor chip with only CPU. The early design idea was to integrate a large number of peripherals and CPUs into one chip, making computer systems smaller and easier to integrate into complex and volume-demanding control devices.

Analysis of Common Single Chip Microcomputer Chips

HT: Tools are easy to use. DEMO is hard to do. The cost is medium.

PIC: Tools are hard to use, DEMO is easy to do. The cost is on the high side.

FREESCALE: Tools are hard to use, DEMO is easy to do. The cost is on the high side.

STC/51: Tools are easy to use and DEMO is easy to do. The cost is low.

AVR: tools are easy to use and demo is easy to handle. The cost is medium.

MSP430: Tools are very useful and DEMO is easy to implement. The cost is on the high side.

EMC: Tools are easy to use, DEMO is difficult to do. The cost is low.

SUNPLUS: Tools are hard to use, DEMO is hard to do. The cost is low.

TENX: Tools are hard to use, DEMO is hard to do. The cost is low.

OKI: Tools are hard to use, DEMO is hard to do. The cost is low.

EPSON: Tools are hard to use, DEMO is easy to do. The cost is low.

PHILIPS: Tools are easy to use and DEMO is easy to do. The cost is on the high side.

WINBOND: Tools are easy to use, DEMO is easy to do. The cost is medium.

Several commonly used microcontroller chips in China are briefly introduced.

PIC MCU:

MICROCHIP is a product of MICROCHIP. Its outstanding features are small size, low power consumption, simplified instruction set, good anti-interference, high reliability, strong analog interface, good code confidentiality, and most chips have compatible FLASH program memory chips.

EMC MCU:

It is a product of Taiwan Yilong Company. A large part of it is compatible with PIC 8-bit MCU, and the resources of compatible products are relatively more than PIC. The price of compatible products is cheaper. There are many series of options, but the anti-interference is poor.

ATMEL Single Chip Microcomputer (51 Single Chip Microcomputer):

ATMEl's 8-bit microcontroller has AT89 and AT90 series. AT89 series is 8-bit Flash microcontroller, compatible with 8051 series microcontroller, with static clock mode. AT90 series microcontroller is a microcontroller with enhanced RISC structure, full static working mode and on-line programmable Flash, also known as AVR microcontroller.

PHLIPIS 51PLC Series Single Chip Microcomputer (51 Single Chip Microcomputer):

The microcontroller of PHILIPS is based on 80C51 core. It has the functions of power-off detection, simulation and on-chip RC oscillator. This makes 51LPC meet the performance requirements in high integration, low cost and low power consumption application design.

HOLTEK MCU:

Taiwan's semiconductor microcontrollers are cheap and have many kinds, but they have poor anti-jamming. They are suitable for consumer products.

Single Chip Microcomputer of TI Company (51 Single Chip Microcomputer):

Texas Instrument provides two series of general purpose single-chip microprocessors: TMS370 and MSP430. The single-chip microprocessors in the series of TMS370 are 8-bit CMOS single-chip microprocessors with multiple storage modes and peripheral interface modes, which are suitable for complex real-time control occasions. The single-chip microprocessors in the series of MSP430 are 16-bit low-power single-chip microprocessors with ultra-low power consumption and high functional integration. It is not suitable for low power consumption situations.

MCU chip products of International Electronics Corporation:

(According to the company's instructions, the reader can read the contents of Building 2 comparatively, not very well together, write separately.)

1. MOTOROLA MCU

MOTOROLA is the largest single chip processor manufacturer in the world. There are more than 30 series of 68HC05, 68HC08, 68HC05 and more than 200 varieties, and the output has exceeded 2 billion pieces. There are more than 30 kinds of 8-bit enhanced SCM 68HC11, with an annual output of over 100 million pieces. The grade product has 68HC12. There are more than ten varieties of 68HC16. There are also dozens of varieties of 683XX series of 32-bit MCU. In recent years, with PowerPC, Coldfire, M. CORE and other CPUs, single-chip computers that do not integrate DSP as auxiliary modules have been launched, and are still the preferred brand of single-chip computers. One of the characteristics of Motorola single chip microcomputer is that the clock frequency used at the same speed is much lower than that of Intel single chip microcomputer, which makes the high-frequency noise low, strong anti-interference ability, and more suitable for industrial control field and harsh environment. MOTOROLA 8-bit MCU used to be based on mask. Recently, OTP plan was introduced to adapt to the development trend of MCU. On 32-bit MCU, M.CORE outperforms ARM7 in performance and power consumption.

2. Microchip单片机

Microchip单片机是市场份额增长块的单片机。它的主要产品是16C系列8位单片机，CPU采用RISC结构，仅33条指令，运行速度快，且以低价位著称，一般单片机价格都在一美元以下。Microchip单片机没有掩膜产品，全都是OTP器件（近年已推出FLASH型单片机——编者注）。Microchip强调节约成本的较优化设计，使用量大、档次低、价格敏感的产品。

3. Scenix MCU

Scenix MCU I/O module is innovative. I/O module integration and combination technology is an indispensable and important aspect of single chip technology. In addition to the traditional I/O functional modules such as parallel I/O, URT, SPI, I2C, A/D, PWM, PLL, DTMF and so on, new I/O modules are constantly emerging, such as USB, CAN, J1850, which are representative of MOTOROLA32-bit MCU. It integrates I/O modules including various communication protocols, while Scenix MCU introduces virtual I/O modules in the processing of I/O modules. / New concept of O. Scenix uses RISC CPU, which makes the CPU work at a higher frequency of 50MHz. The operation speed is close to 50 MIPS. With a powerful CPU, various I/O functions can be simulated by software. The encapsulation of MCU adopts 20/28 pins. The company provides various I/O library functions to implement the functions of various I/O modules. These modules completed by software include multi-channel UART, a variety of A/D, PWM, SPI, DTMF, FSK, LCD driver and so on. These modules are usually implemented by hardware and are quite complex.

4. NEC MCU

NEC SCM has its own system. The 78K series of 8-bit SCM has a high volume, and there are 16-bit and 32-bit SCM. The MCU with 16 bits or more adopts the internal frequency doubling technology to reduce the external clock frequency. Some microcontrollers use built-in operating system. NEC's sales strategy focuses on serving large customers, and invests considerable technical force to help them develop products.

5. Toshiba MCU

Toshiba MCU features from 4-bit computer to 64-bit, complete categories. There is still a large market for 4-bit computers in the field of household appliances. The 8-bit computer mainly has 870 series, 90 series and so on. This kind of single-chip computer allows the use of slow mode, and the power consumption when using 32K clock is as low as 10uA order of magnitude. The use of multiple registers in CPU makes interrupt response and processing faster. Toshiba's 32-bit MCU adopts the CPU structure of MIPS3000ARISC, which is oriented to VCD, digital camera, image processing and other markets.

6. Fujitsu MCU

Fujitsu also has 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers, but 8-bit computers use the CPU core of 16-bit computers. That is to say, 8-bit computer and 16-bit computer use the same instructions, making the development easier. The 8-bit single chip microcomputer has the famous mb8900 series, and the 16 bit computer has the mb90 series. Fujitsu focuses on serving large companies and customers and helping them develop products.

7. Epson MCU

Epson is famous for its ability to manufacture LCD, so Epson MCU is mainly used to support LCD produced by Epson. The characteristic of the single chip computer is that the LCD driver is very good. It is also characterized by low voltage and low power consumption. At present, 0.9V power supply microcontroller has been put on the market. In the near future, the watch microcontroller displayed by LCD will use 0.5V power supply.

8.8051 Single Chip Microcomputer

The 8051/31 single-chip computer, which was introduced by Intel Company, is also one of several single-chip microcontrollers with large usage in the world. Because Intel focuses on the development of 186, 386, Pentium and other PC-compatible high-end chips in embedded applications, 8051 MCUs are mainly produced by Philips, Samsung, Huabang and other companies. These companies have improved many of the 8051 features (such as timing characteristics) on the basis of maintaining compatibility with 8051 single-chip computers. It improves the speed, reduces the clock frequency, widens the dynamic range of the power supply voltage, and reduces the price of the product.

9. Zilog MCU

Z8 MCU is the product of Zilog Company. It adopts multi-accumulator structure and has strong interrupt processing ability. The product is OTP type. The development tool of Z8 single chip computer can be scaled with low price and good quality. Z8 MCU is low-cost for low-end applications, mainly 18-pin packaging, ROM is 0.5-2k. Recently, Zilog has introduced Z86 series single-chip computers, which can integrate cheap DSP units.

10. NS Single Chip Microcomputer

COP8 MCU is the product of National Semiconductor Company of America. The company is famous for producing advanced analog circuits and can produce high-level digital-analog hybrid circuits. COP8 single chip integrated 16 bits A/D, which is rare in single chip. The anti-EMI circuit is used in COP8 single-chip computer, which has its own characteristics in wake-up mode of watchdog circuit and STOP mode. In addition, COP8 program encryption control is also very good.

11. Samsung MCU

Samsung MCU includes KS51 and KS57 series 4-bit MCU, KS86 and KS88 series 8-bit MCU, KS17 series 16-bit MCU and KS32 series 32-bit MCU. Samsung MCU is an OTP ISP on-chip programming function. Samsung is famous for producing memory chips. In the form that the market supply of memory exceeds the demand, Samsung is involved in the competition of SCM. Samsung introduced and digested the technology of developed countries to produce compatible products, and then won by price advantage. For example, NEC technology is used on 4-bit computers, Z 8 technology of Zilog company is introduced on 8-bit computers, ARM7 core is purchased on 32-bit computers, DEC technology, Toshiba technology, etc. Its bare chip price is quite competitive.

12. Huabang MCU

Huabang MCU belongs to 8051 class MCU. Their W78 series is compatible with the standard 8051. The W77 series bit-enhanced 51 series improves the timing of 8051. At the same clock frequency, the speed is increased by 2.5 times, the capacity of FLASH is from 4K to 64k, and it has ISP function. In terms of 4-bit MCU, Huabang has 921 series 741 series with LCD driver. In terms of 32-bit computers, Huabang uses HP's PA-RISC MCU technology to produce 32-bit RISC MCU.